ニッポンの開国18：1858日米修好通商条約
ニッポンの開国というかニッポンの国際外交への復帰の過程をいっきに学び直す日本史 近代・現代 実用編で学ぶ。今回はアロー戦争を契機として結ばされた日米修好通商条約の締結。最初に事実だけ。
1858年[US082]7月アメリカのハリスと江戸幕府は日米修好通商条約を締結し、下田、箱館に加えて、神奈川、長崎、新潟、兵庫を開港すること、江戸および大阪を開市すること、治外法権を認めること、関税自主権を放棄することなった。
日米和親条約に基づいて1856年に総領事として下田に着任していたハリスは、アロー戦争（第2次アヘン戦争、1856年[US080]6月28日〜1860年[US084]10月/11月）の勃発を背景として、幕府に対して強行に通商条約の締結を要求した。
- 1856年[US080]10月8日、清の官憲はイギリス船籍を名乗る中国船アロー号に臨検を行い、清人船員12名を拘束した（アロー号事件）。
- アヘン戦争後の南京条約で自由貿易が始まっていたものの更なる開港を求めていたイギリスはアロー号事件を口実にフランス第二帝政を誘い協同で開戦した。
1858年[US082]7月29日ハリスと幕府は日米修好通商条約に調印した。日本は関税自主権を失い、外国人に治外法権を認めたため、以後長期にわたって苦しむことになった。
以下に日米修好通商条約の全文を掲載する。開港・開市を定めた3条、治外法権を定めた6条が重要である。関税率は本文ではなく附則である貿易章程で決められている。当時日本側に関税自主権という概念がなかったため、関税率の設定だけが問題となったそうだ。
帝國大日本大君と亞米利加合衆國大統領と親睦の意を堅くし且永續せしめん爲に兩國の人民貿易を通する事を處置し其交際の厚からん事を欲するか爲に懇親及ひ貿易の條約を取結ふ事を決し日本大君は其事を井上信濃守岩瀬肥後守に命し合衆國大統領は日本に差越たる亞米利加合衆國のコンシュルゼネラール、トウンセント、ハルリスに命し雙方委任の書を照應して下文の條々を合議決定す
The President of the United States of America and His Majesty the Tycoon of Japan, desiring to establish on firm and lasting foundations, the relations of peace and relationship now happily existing between the two countries, and to secure the best interest of their respective citizens and subjects, by encouraging, facilitating and regulating their industry and trade, have resolved to conclude a treaty of amity and commerce, for this purpose, and have therefore named as Their Plenipotentiaries, that is to say:
The President of the United States, His Excellency Townsend Harris, Consul-General of the United States of America for the Empire of Japan, and His Majesty the Tycoon of Japan, Their Excellencies Ino-oo-ye, Prince of Sinano, and Iwasay, Prince of Higo, who, after, having communicated to each other, their respective full powers, and found them to be in good and due form, have agreed upon, and concluded the following articles.
第一條 向後日本大君と亞米利加合衆國と世々親睦なるへし
日本政府は華盛頓に居留する政事に預る役人を任し又合衆國の各港の內に居留する諸取締の役人及ひ貿易を處置する役人を任すへし其政事に預る役人及ひ頭立たる取締の役人は合衆國に到着の日より其國の部內を旅行すへし○合衆國の大統領は江戶に居留するヂプロマチーキ、アゲントを任し又此約書に載る亞米利加人民貿易の爲に開きたる日本の各港の內に居留するコンシュル又はコンシュラル、アゲント等を任すへし其日本に居留するヂプロマチーキ、アゲント並にコンシュル、ゼネラールは職務を行う時より日本國の部內を旅行する免許あるへし
ARTICLE I. There shall henceforward be perpetual peace and friendship between the United States of America and his Majesty the Tycoon of Japan and his successors.
The Presideut of the United States may appoint a diplomatic agent to reside at the city of Yedo, and consuls or consular agents to reside at any or all of the ports iu Japan, which are opened for American commerce by this treaty. The diplomatic agent and consul-general of the United States, shall have the right to travel freely in any part of the empire of Japan, from the time they enter on the discharge of their official duties.
The government of Japan may appoint a diplomatic agent to reside at Washington, and consuls or consular agents for any or all of the ports of the United States. The diplomatic agent and consul-general of Japan may travel freely in any part of the United States from the time they arrive in the country.
第二條 日本國と歐羅巴中の或る國との間に差障起る時は日本政府の囑に應し合衆國の大統領和親の媒と爲りて扱ふへし
合衆國の軍艦大洋にて行過たる日本船へ公平なる友睦の取計あるへし且亞米利加コンシュルの居留する港に日本船の入る事あらは其各國の規定によりて友睦の取計あるへし
ARTICLE II. The President of the United States, at the request of the Japanese government, will act as a friendly mediator in such matters of difference, as may arise, between the government oi Japan and any European power.
The ships of war of the United States shall render friendly aid and assistance, to such Japanese vessels, as they may meet on the high seas; so far as can be done, without a breach of neutrality, and all American consuls, residing at ports visited by Japanese vessels, shall also give them such friendly aid, as may be permitted by the laws of the respective countries, in which they reside.
第三條 下田箱館の港の外次にいふ所の場所を左の期限より開くへし
神奈川 午三月より凡十五箇月の後より 西洋紀元千八百五十九年七月四日
長崎 午三月より凡十五箇月の後より 西洋紀元千八百五十九年七月四日
新潟 午三月より凡二十箇月の後より 西洋紀元千八百六十年一月一日
兵庫 午三月より凡五十六箇月後より 西洋紀元千八百六十三年一月一日
若し新潟港を開き難き事あらは其代りとして同所前後に於て一港を別に撰ふへし
神奈川港を開く後六箇月にして下田港は鎖すへし此箇條の內に載たる各地は亞米利加人に居留を許すへし居留の者は一箇の地を價を出して借り又其所に建物あれは之を買ふ事妨なく且住宅倉庫を建る事をも許すへしと雖之を建るに托して要害の場所を取建る事は決して成ささるへし此掟を堅くせん爲に其建物を新築改造修補なと爲る事あらん時には日本役人是を見分する事當然たるへし
亞米利加人建物の爲に借り得る一箇の場所並に港々の定則は各港の役人と亞米利加コンシュルと議定すへし若し議定し難き時は其事件を日本政府と亞米利加ヂプロマチーキ、アゲントに示して處置せしむへし
其居留場の周圍に門墻を設けす出入自在にすヘし
江戶 午三月より凡四十四箇月の後より
千八百六十二年一月一日
大阪 同斷凡五十六箇月の後より
千八百六十三年一月一日
右二箇所は亞米利加人只商賣を爲す間にのみ逗留する事を得へし此兩所の町に於て亞米利加人建家を價を以て借るへき相當なる一區の場所並に散步すへき規程は追て日本役人と亞米利加のヂプロマチーキ、アゲントと談判すへし
雙方の國人品物を賣買する事總て障りなく其拂方等に付ては日本役人是に立會はす諸日本人亞米利加人より得たる品を賣買し或は所持する倶に妨なし○軍用の諸物は日本役所の外へ賣るへからす尤外國人互の取引は差構ある事なし此箇條は條約本書爲取替濟の上は日本國內へ觸渡すへし
米並に麥は日本逗留の亞米利加人並に船に乘組たる者及ひ船中旅客食料の爲の用意は與ふとも積荷として輸出する事を許さす○日本產する所の銅餘分あれは日本役所にて其時々公けの入札を以て拂渡すへし○在留の亞米利加人日本の賤民を雇ひ且諸用事に充る事を許すへし
ARTICLE III. In addition to the ports of Simoda and Hakodate, the following ports and towns shall be opened on the dates respectively appended to them, that is to say:
Kanagawa, on the (4th of July, 1859.) fourth day of July, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
Nagasaki, on the (4th of July, 1859.) fourth day of July, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
Nee-e-gata, on the (1st of January, 1860.) first day of January, one thoasand eight hundred and sixty.
Hiogo, on the (1st of January, 1863,{sic}) first day of January, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
If Nee-e-gata is found to be unsuitable as a harbor, another port on the west coast of Nipon shall be selected by the two governments in lieu thereof.
Six mouths after the opening of Kanagawa, the port of Simoda shall be closed as a place of residence and trade for American citizens.
In all the foregoing ports and towns, American citizens may permanently reside, they shall have the right to lease ground, and purchase the buildings thereon, and may erect dwellings and warehouses. But no fortification or place of military strength, shall be erected under pretense of building dwelling or warehouse, and to see that this article is observed, the Japanese authorities shall have the right to inspect, from time to time, any buildings which arc being erected, altered or repaired.
The place, which the Americans shall occupy for their buildings, and the harbor regulations shall be arranged by the American consul, and the authorities of each place, and if they cannot agree, the matter shall be referred to, and settled by the American diplomatic agent and the Japanese government.
No wall, fence, or gate, shall be erected by the Japanese, around the place of residence of the Americans, or anything done, which may prevent a free egress and ingress to the same.
From the (1st of January, 1862.) first day of January, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, Americans shall be allowed to reside in the city of Yedo, and from the (1st of January, 1863.) first day of January, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the city of Osaca, for the purposes of trade only. In each of these two cities, a suitable place, within which they may hire houses, and the distance they may go, shall be arranged by the American diplomatic agent and the government of Japan.
Americans may freely buy from Japanese and sell to them, any articles that either may have for sale, without the intervention of any Japanese officer, in such purchase or sale, or in making or receiving payment for the same, and all classes of the Japanese may purchase, sell, keep or use, any articles sold to them by the Americans.
The Japanese government will cause this clause to be made public, in every part of the empire, as soon as the ratifications of this treaty shall be exchanged.
Munitions of war shall only be sold to the Japanese government and foreigners.
No rice or wheat shall be exported from Japan as cargo, but all Americans residing in Japan, and ships for their crews and passengers, shall be furnished with sufficient supplies of the same.
The Japanese government will sell from time to time, at public auction, any surplus quantity of copper, that may be produced.
Americans, residing in Japan, shall have the right to employ Japanese as servants or in any other capacity.
第四條 總て國地に輸入輸出の品々別册の通日本役所へ運上を納むへし
日本の運上所にて荷主申立ての價を奸ありと察する時は運上役より相當の價を付け其荷物を買入る事を談すへし荷主若し之を否む時は運上所より付たる價に從て運上を納むへし承允する時は其價を以て直に買上へし
合衆國海軍用意の品神奈川長崎箱館の內に陸揚し庫內に藏めて亞米利加番人守護するものは運上の沙汰に及はす若し其品を賣拂ふ時は買入る人より規定の運上を日本役所に納むへし
阿片の輸入嚴禁たり若し亞米利加商船三斤以上を持渡らは其過量の品は日本役人之を取上へし
輸入の荷物定例の運上納濟の上は日本人より國中に輸送すとも別に運上を取立る事なし亞米利加人輸入する荷物は此條約に定めたるより餘分の運上を納る事なく又日本船及ひ他國の商船にて外國より輸入せる同し荷物の運上高と同樣たるへし
ARTICLE IV. Duties shall be paid to the government of Japan, on all goods landed in the country, and on all articles of Japanese production, that are exported as cargo, according to the tariff hereunto appended.
If the Japanese custom-liouse officers are dissatisfied with the value placed on any goods, by the owner, they may place a value thereon, and offer to take the goods at that valuation. If the owner refuses to accept the offer, he shall pay duty on such valuation. If the offer be accepted by the owner, the purchase money shall be paid to hime without delay, and without any abatement or discount.
Supplies for the use of the United States navy may be landed at Kanagawa, Hakodate and Nagasaki, and stored in Warehouses, in the custody of an officer of the American government, without the payment of any duty. But if any such supplies are sold in Japan, the purchaser shall pay the proper duty to the Japanese authorities.
The importation of opium is prohibited, and any American vessel coming to Japan, for the purposes of trade, having more than (3) three catties (four pounds avoirdupois) weight of opium on board, such surplus quantity shall be seized and destroyed by the Japanese authorities.
All goods imported into Japan, and which have paid the duty fixed by this treaty, may be transported by the Japanese, into any part of the empire, without the payment of any tax, excise or transit duty, whatever.
No higher duties shall be paid by Americans on goods imported into Japan, than are fixed by this treaty, nor shall any higher duties be paid by Americans, than are levied on the same description of goods, if imported in Japanese vessels, or the vessels of any other nation.
第五條 外國の諸貨幣は日本貨幣同種類の同量を以て通用すへし、（金は金銀は銀と量目を以て比較するを云）雙方の國人互に物價を償ふに日本と外國との貨幣を用ゆる妨なし
日本人外國の貨幣に慣されは開港の後凡一箇年の間各港の役所より日本の貨幣を以て亞米利加人願次第引換渡すへし向後鑄替の爲め分割を出すに及はす日本諸貨幣は（銅錢を除く）輸出する事を得並に外國の金銀は貨幣に鑄るも鑄さるも輸出すヘし
ARTICLE V. All foreign coin shall be current in Japan, and pass for its corresponding weight of Japanese coin of the same description.
Americans and Japanese may freely use foreign coin in making payments to each other.
As some time will elapse before the Japanese will be acquainted with the value of foreign coin, the Japanese Government will, for the period of one year after the opening of each harbor, furnish the Americans with Japanese coin, in exchange for theirs, equal weights being given and no discount taken for recoinage.
Coins of all descriptions (with the exception of Japanese copper coin) may be exported from Japan, and foreign gold and silver uncoined.
第六條 日本人に對し法を犯せる亞米利加人は亞米利加コンシュール裁斷所にて吟味の上亞米利加の法度を以て罰すへし
亞米利加人へ對し法を犯したる日本人は日本役人糺の上日本の法度を以て罰すへし日本奉行所亞米利加コンシュル裁斷所は雙方商人逋債等の事をも公けに取扱ふへし
都て條約中の規定並に別册に記せる所の法則を犯すに於てはコンシュルヘ申逹し取上品並に過料は日本役人へ渡すへし兩國の役人は雙方商民取引の事に付て差構ふ事なし
ARTICLE VI. Americans, committing offenses against Japanese shall be tried in American Consular courts, and, when guilty, shall be punished according to American law.
Japanese, committing offenses against Americans, shall be tried by the Japanese authorities, and punished according to Japanese law.
The Consular Courts shall be open to Japanese creditors, to enable them to recover their just claims against American citizens, and the Japanese Courts shall in like manner be open to American citizens, for the recovery of their just claims against Japanese.
All claims for forfeitures or penalties for violations of this treaty, or of the articles regulating trade, which are appended hereunto, shall be sued for in the consular courts, and all recoveries shall be delivered to the Japanese authorities.
Neither the American or Japanese govermueats are to be held responsible for the pajment of any debts, contracted by their respective citizens or subjects.
第七 日本開港の場所に於て亞米利加人遊步の規程左の如し
神奈川 六郷川筋を限として其他は各方へ凡十里
箱館 各方へ凡十里
兵庫 京都を距る事十里の地へは亞米利加人立入さる筈に付き其方角を除き各方へ十里且兵庫に來る船々の乘組人は猪名川より海灣迄の川筋を越ゆへからす
都て里數は各港の奉行所又は御用所より陸路の程度なり（一里は亞米利加の四千二百七十五ヤルド日本の凡三十三町四十八間一尺二寸五分に當る）
長崎 其周圍にある御料所を限りとす
新潟は治定の上境界を定むへし
亞米利加人重立たる惡事ありて裁斷を請又は不身持にて再ひ裁許に處せられし者は居留の場所より一里外に不可出其者等は日本奉行所より國地退去の儀を其地在留の亞米利加コンシュルに逹すへし
其者共諸引合等奉行所並にコンシュル糺濟の上退去の期限猶豫の儀はコンシュルより申立に依て相協ふへし尤其期限は決して一箇年を越ゆへからす
ARTICLE VII. In the opened harbors of Japan, Americans shall be free to go where they please, within the following limits:
At kanagawa, the river Lokugo (which empties into the bay of Yedo, between Kawasaki and Sinagawa) and (10) ten ri in any other direction.
At Hakodate, (10) ten ri in any direction.
At Hiogo, (10) ten ri in any directions, that of Kioto excepted, which city shall not be approached nearer than (10) ten ri. The crews of vessels resorting to Hiogo shall not cross the river Enagawa, which empties into the bay between Hiogo and Osaca.
The distances shall be measured inland from the goyoso or town-hall of each of the foregoing harbors, the ri being equal to (4275) four thousand two hundred and seventy-five yards, American measure.
At Nagasaki, Americans may go into any part of the imperial domain in its vicinity.
The boundaries of Neegata, or the place, that may be substituted for it, shall be settled by the Ainerican diplomatic agent and tlie government of Japan.
Americans who may have been convicted of felony, or twice convicted of misdemeanors, shall not go more than (1) one Japanese ri in land, from the places of their respective residences, and all persons so convicted, shall lose their right of permanent residence in Japan, and the Japanese authorities may require them to leave the country.
A reasonable time shall be allowed to all such persons to settle their affairs, and the American consular authority shall, after an examination into the circumstances of each case, determine the time to be allowed, but such time shall not in any case exceed one year, to be calculated from the time the person shall be free, to attend to his affairs.
第八條 日本に在る亞米利加人自ら其國の宗法を念し禮拜堂を居留場の內に置も障りなし並に其建物を破壤し亞米利加人宗法を自ら念するを妨る事なし亞米利加人日本人の堂宮を毀傷する事なく又決して日本神佛の禮拜を妨け神體佛像を毀る事あるへからす
雙方の人民互に宗旨に付ての爭論あるへからす日本長崎役所に於て蹈繪の仕來は旣に廢せり
ARTICLE VIII. Americans in Japan shall be allowed the free exercise of their religion, and for this purpose shall have the right, to erect suitable places of worship. No injury shall be done to such buildings, nor any insult be offered to the religious worship of the Americans.
American citizens shall not injure any Japanese temple or mia, or offer any insult or injury to Japanese religious ceremonies, or to the objects of their worship.
The Americans and Japanese shall not do anything, that may be calculated to excite religious animosity. The government of Japan has already abolished the practice of trampling on religious emblems.
第九條 亞米利加コンシュルの願に依て都て出奔人並に裁許の場より逃去し者を召捕又はコンシュル捕へ置たる罪人を獄に繋く事協ふへし且陸地並に船中に在る亞米利加人に不法を戒め規則を遵守せしむるか爲にコンシュル申立次第助力すへし右等の諸入費並に願に依て日本の獄に繋きたる者の雜費は都て亞米利加コンシュルより償ふへし
ARTICLE IX. When requested by the American consul, the Japanese authorities will cause the arrest of all deserters ancl fugitives from justice, receive in jail all persons, held as prisoners, by the consul, and give to the consul such assistance, as may be required to enable him to enforce the observance of the laws, by the Americans, who are on land, and to maintain order among the shipping. For all such services, and for the support of prisoners kept in confinement, the consul shall in all cases pay a just compensation.
第十條 日本政府合衆國より軍艦蒸滊船商船鯨漁船大砲軍用器並に兵器の類其他要需の諸物を買入れ又は製作を誂へ或は其國の學者海陸軍法の士諸科の職人並に船夫を雇ふ事意の儘たるへし
都て日本政府注文の諸物品は合衆國より輸送し雇入るゝ亞米利加人は差支なく本國より差送るへし合衆國親交の國と日本國萬一戰爭ある間は軍中制禁の品々合衆國より輸出せす且武事を扱ふ人々は差送らさるへし
ARTICLE X. The Japanese government may purchase or construct in the United States, ships of war, steamers, merchant ships, whaleships, cannon, munitions of war, and arms of all kinds, and any other things it may require. It shall have the right to engage in the United States, scientific, naval and military men, artisans of all kind, and mariners to enter into its service. All purchases made for the government of Japan, may be exported from the United Slates, and all persons engaged for its service may freely depart from the United States. Provided,-- That no articles that are contraband of war shall be exported, nor any persons engaged to act in a naval or military capecity {sic}, while Japan shall be at war with any power ia amity with the United States.
第十一條 此條約に添たる商法の別册は本書同樣雙方の臣民互に遵守すへし
ARTICLE XI. The articles for the regulation of trade, which are appended to this treaty, shall be considered as forming a part of the same, and shall be equally binding on both the contracting parties to this treaty, and on their citizens and subjects.
第十二條 安政元年寅三月三日（卽千八百五十四年三月三十一日）神奈川に於て取替したる條約の中此條々に齟齬する廉は取用ひす同四年巳五月二十六日（卽千八百五十七年六月十七日）下田に於て取替したる約書は此條約中に盡せるに依て取捨へし
日本貴官又は委任の役人と日本に來れる合衆國のヂプロマチーキアゲントと此條約の規則並に別册の條を全備せしむる爲に要すへき所の規律等談判を遂くへし
ARTICLE XII. Such of the provisions of the treaty made by Commodore Perry, and signed at Kanagawa, on the 31st of March, 1854, as conflict with the provisions of this treaty, are hereby revoked and as all the provisions of a convention, executed by the consul-general of the United States and governors of Simoda, on the 17th of June,1857, are incorporated in this treaty, that convention is also revoked.
Tlie person charged with tlie diplomatic relations of the United States in Japan, in conjunction with such person or persons, as may be appointed for that purpose, by the Japanese government, shall have power to make such rules and regulations, as may be required to carry into full and complete effect, the provisions of this treaty, and the provisions of the articles regulating trade, appended thereunto.
第十三條 今より凡百七十一箇月の後（卽千八百七十二年七月四日に當る）雙方政府の存意を以て兩國の內より一箇年前に通逹し此條約並に神奈川條約の內存し置く箇條及ひ此書に添たる別册共に雙方委任の役人實驗の上談判を盡し補ひ或は改る事を得へし
ARTICLE XIII. After the (4th of July, 1872.) fourth day of July, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, upon the desire of either the American or Japanese Government, and on one year's notice given by either party, this treaty, and such portions of the treaty of Kanagawa, as remain unrevoked by this treaty, together with the regulations of trade hereunto annexed, or those that may be hereafter introduced, shall be subject to revision, by commissioners, appointed on both sides, for this purpose, who will be empowered to decide on, and insert therein, such amendments as experience shall prove to be desirable.
第十四條 右條約の趣は來る未年六月五日（卽千八百五十九年七月四日）より執行ふへし此日限或は其以前にても都合次第に日本政府より使節を以て亞米利加華盛頓府に於て本書を取替すへし
若無餘儀子細ありて此期限中本書取替し濟すとも條約の趣は此期限より執行ふへし
ARTICLE XIV. This Treaty shall go into effect on the (4th of July, 1859,) fourth day of July, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, on or before which day the ratifications of the same, shall be exchanged at the city of Washington, but if from any unforeseen cause, the ratifications can not be exchanged by that time, the treaty shall still go into effect, at the date above mentioned.
本條約は日本よりは大君の御名と奥印を署し高官の者名を記し印を調して證とし合衆國よりは大統領自ら名を記しセクレタリース、ファンスター、と共に自ら名を記し合衆國の印を鈐して證とすへし
尤日本語英語蘭語にて本書寫共に四通を書し其譯文は何れも同義なりと雖蘭語譯文を以て證據と爲すへし
此取極の爲安政五年午六月十九日（卽千八百五十八年亞米利加合衆國獨立の八十三年七月二十九日）江戶府に於て前に載たる兩國の役人等名を記し調印する者也
The act of ratification on the part of the United States, shall be verified by the signature of the President of the United States, countersigned by the Secretary of State, and sealed with the seal of the United States.
The act of ratification on the part of Japan, shall be verified by the name and seal of His Majesty the Tycoon, and by the seals and signatures of such of his high officers, as he may direct.
This Treaty is executed in quadruplicate, each copy being written in the English, Japanese and Dutch languages, all the versions having the same meaning and intention, but the Dutch version shall be considered as being the original.
In witness whereof, the above named Plenipotentiaries have hereunto set their hands and seals at the city of Yedo, this twenty-ninth day of July, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, and of the Independence of the United States of America the eighty-third, corresponding to the Japanese era, the ninteenth day of the sixth month of the fifth year of Ansei Mma.
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1856年[US080]イギリスはアロー号事件を口実にフランスと共同で開戦。1858年[US082]清に勝利して天津条約を締結するが清が批准を拒否。1860年[US084]イギリス・フランス連合軍は北京を占領して北京条約を締結。清は牛荘、登州、漢口、九江、鎮江、台南、淡水、汕頭、瓊州、南京、天津を開港させられた。イギリスは九竜半島南部を獲得した。
1856年[US080]Napoléon IIIはイギリスの共同出兵の要請に応じてアロー戦争に参戦。1858年[US082]清に勝利して天津条約を締結するが清が批准を拒否。1860年[US084]フランス・イギリス連合軍は北京を占領して北京条約を締結した。
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文責：鵄士縦七
